1. The Definite Article: "The" (أداة التعريف : "The")
What is "The"? (ما هي "The"؟)
- "The"
is used to refer to something specific that both the speaker and
the listener know.
- In
Arabic, it is equivalent to the prefix "الـ" that
makes a noun definite.
Examples in English and Arabic (أمثلة بالإنجليزية والعربية):
- The
book is on the table.
(الكتاب على الطاولة.) - The
sun is bright.
(الشمس مشرقة.)
When to Use "The"? (متى نستخدم "The"؟):
- Something
already mentioned (شيء تم ذكره سابقًا):
- I
saw a dog. The dog was barking. (رأيت كلبًا. الكلب كان ينبح.)
- Unique
objects (أشياء
فريدة):
- The
moon is beautiful tonight. (القمر جميل الليلة.)
- Specific
nouns (أسماء
محددة):
- I live near the school. (أعيش بالقرب من المدرسة.)
2. The Indefinite Articles: "A" and "An" (أدوات التنكير: "A" و "An")
What are "A" and "An"? (ما هما "A" و "An"؟)
- "A"
and "An" are used to refer to something general or
not specific.
- In
Arabic, there is no direct equivalent, but it can be implied by using an
indefinite noun (بدون
"الـ").
Difference Between "A" and "An" (الفرق بين "A" و "An"):
- Use "A"
before words that begin with a consonant sound (صوت ساكن):
- A
car (سيارة)
- A
boy (ولد)
- Use "An"
before words that begin with a vowel sound (صوت متحرك):
- An
apple (تفاحة)
- An
hour (ساعة)
(silent "h")
Examples in English and Arabic (أمثلة بالإنجليزية والعربية):
- I
saw a bird. (رأيت طائرًا.)
- She
ate an orange. (أكلت برتقالة.)
Comparison Between "The" and "A/An" (مقارنة بين "The" و "A/An"):
Article
Usage
Example in English
Example in Arabic
The
Specific noun (اسم محدد)
The book is on the table.
الكتاب على الطاولة.
A/An
General noun (اسم غير محدد)
I saw a bird.
رأيت طائرًا.
Practice Exercises (تمارين):
- Fill
in the blanks with "a," "an," or "the":
- I
saw ___ elephant in the zoo.
- She
is reading ___ interesting book.
- ___
sun rises in the east.
- Translate
to Arabic (ترجم
إلى العربية):
- The
cat is sleeping.
- I
ate an apple.
- Translate
to English (ترجم
إلى الإنجليزية):
- رأيت
كتابًا على الطاولة.
- القمر
جميل الليلة.
- "A"
and "An" are used to refer to something general or
not specific.